Срок службы ксеноновых ламп
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Ксеноновая лампа сверхвысокого давления может работать на постоянном и переменном токе, но в первом случае имеет больший срок службы. Рабочее напряжение ламп 22-40 в, а включение их производится с помощью высоковольтного импульса.
Ксеноновые лампы имеют большие достоинства: простое устройство, небольшие габариты, сравнительно длительный срок службы, высокую экономичность, неизменность спектрального состава при разных режимах горения. К недостаткам этих ламп надо отнести: необходимость специального устройства для зажигания, низкое напряжение питания, что приводит к увеличению потерь энергии в балластном сопротивлении или выпрямителе, возможность взрыва ламп как в рабочем, так и в нерабочем состоянии, сравнительно высокую стоимость.
Все лампы, разработанные в СССР, имеют шифр ДКсШ (дуговая ксеноновая шаровая). Эти лампы работают при естественном охлаждении воздухом их электродов. Лампы ДКсР (дуговая ксеноновая с водяным охлаждением электродов) из-за большой рассеиваемой на электродах мощности требуют водяного охлаждения их.
Срок службы ксеноновых ламп колеблется в широких пределах (от 100 до нескольких тысяч часов) и непрерывно возрастает в связи с совершенствованием конструкции этих источников света. Разработанные в США лампы мощностью 10 ООО и 20 ООО вт представляют экспериментальные образцы; в СССР разработана конструкция ксеноновой лампы мощностью 20-30 кет с яркостью 1000-2000 мнт.
В настоящее время ксеноновые лампы сверхвысокого давления иногда применяют на киностудиях в качестве источников света в покадровых проекторах, а также используют вместо угольных дуг в кинопрожекторах. Однако широкому распространению для операторского освещения мешают их недостатки, в частности низкое напряжение питания, что обусловливает установку на штативе прожекторов громоздких выпрямителей постоянного тока.
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